Artist John Latham's aesthetic theories, developed over two decades, are based on an interpretation of time, space, and events. They were published in this treatise, Time-base and Determination in Events (Düsseldorf, 1975), at the time of his major retrospective in the Kunsthalle in Düsseldorf. This title contains an essay introducing his theory of the "Least Event" and the notion of a "pre-literate, formal graphic procedure which was seen to be a 'language which copied Nature'."